Everyone has the right to access their sexual and reproductive health and to enjoy their sexual and reproductive rights. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lay the foundation for leaving no one behind, regardless of gender, age, ability, wealth, or geographic location. According to the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2021, a total of 29,164,578 i.e. 2.25% of the total population have some kind of disability.
Persons with Disabilities are classified as disability related to vision, hearing, physical disability, intellectual disability and multiple disabilities. As other people, they equally need Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). However, they do not have easy access to important sexual and reproductive health information and services.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) contains several articles (Articles 9, 16, 22, 23 and 25) directly related to SRHR. Article 23 states that it is necessary to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities in all matters relating to family planning, fertility and family life, including marriage, family, parenthood and relationships, while Article 25 requires the nations to ensure equal access to health services for persons with disabilities, including sexual and reproductive health and population-based public health programs.
The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD PoA) calls on all levels of government to consider the needs and rights of persons with disabilities and to end discrimination against persons with disabilities concerning reproductive rights and family formation.
Despite these international treaties and documents, persons with disabilities are excluded from discussions about sexual and reproductive health and rights. They are marginalized, deprived of freedom and their human rights are violated. Most people with disabilities are deprived of sexual desire and viewed as children. They are deprived of the right to make their own decisions about their lives. Many face forced sterilization, forced abortion, or forced marriage. They are more likely to experience physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and other forms of gender-based violence.
It is important that the existing conditions and structure of health service, information and service delivery focus on the needs and rights of people with disabilities, get rid of the tunnel vision made only for people without disabilities, and make provisions for easy and quality access to disability-friendly services and information. It is necessary to invest resources, especially by the government, to create a disability-friendly environment for people with disabilities so that systemic and structural barriers do not hinder the fulfillment of their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
Building infrastructure that is accessible to persons with disabilities in health institutions, schools, transportation services, workplaces, etc. is extremely necessary. Society and individuals should be informed and educated about the needs and rights of persons with disabilities. Healthcare providers should be trained about the needs of persons with disabilities/to provide them with the necessary services and support without any kind of discrimination.
- The Constitution of Nepal: equality, right to health, maternity protection.
- The Act Relating to Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2017: Information about accessible health services, and reproductive health services.
- Public Health Act 2018: Non-discriminatory disability-friendly facilities.
- Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Rights Act 2018: Easy access to reproductive health services for all.
- National Health Policy 2019: Inclusive Infrastructure and services for persons with Disabilities.
- Disability Management Plan (2017-2026): Plans for motherhood-friendly and accessible health.
- National Guidelines for Disability Inclusive Health Services, 2019: Provision of inclusive sexual and reproductive health services.
- National Family Planning Costed Implementation Plan 2015-2020: Accessible family planning services for persons with disabilities.
- Health facilities with wheelchair ramps, wide doorways, and height-adjustable examination tables
- Teaching materials available in different formats such as audio braille or sign language
- Training health workers about communicating effectively and providing services to people with disabilities
- Provision of sign language interpreters
- Extended time duration for consultation with a doctor
- Using visual aids and models to explain reproductive health
- Separate space for maintaining confidentiality/privacy
- Using respectful vocabulary
- Course materials in simple language and with clear instructions